How to use taphole filler

refractory suppliers

During the period of electric furnace smelting, the taphole filler of the contact part with the molten steel produced the sintering layer, thus preventing the molten steel from penetrating downwards. refractory brick manufacturers The non sintered taphole filler under the sintering layer can flow smoothly when the steel plate is opened by the tapping, and the sintering layer is broken by the pressure of the molten steel to achieve the purpose of automatic pouring. When the electric furnace is finished tapping, when the stuffing is put into the EBT platform, the refractory material taphole filler can flow out of the tapping hole automatically, and the molten steel flows into the ladle. refractory brick china The automatic casting rate can reach more than 90%.

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The selection or refractory material for silicon package

refractory

At present, the most common silicon package is a ton of garden cone silicon package, the diameter of 1.2-1.5 meters, the mouth diameter of about meters.

Although this silicon package with refractory material is not much, but it is very particular about. General silicon package with two castables, one is silicon package with corundum refractory castable, used in the silicon package pouring hole site. One is the silicon package with high-performance castable, used in the package along the silicon package parts.
Silicon package pouring hole, high temperature, impact larger. Optional silicon package special corundum castable, this castable has excellent high temperature performance, and anti-erosion, high temperature state volume stability, when used in silicon package can be cast with corundum castable prefabricated parts (prefabricated general mouth Diameter of 250-300cm height, the mouth diameter of about 150cm. Park cone). This easy to use excellent construction.
Silicon package with high-performance castable silicon package castable silicon package corundum castable 1 ton of silicon package refractory
Silicon cladding is made of refractory alumina brick, refractory brick suppliers thickness of about 150cm. The total weight of about 1 ton.
Silicon package along the 10-15 cm at the silicon package with high castable, high-performance castable wear resistance, thermal shock, high strength, heat resistance and strong features, so the package along the edge of high performance Casting material, but also cheap, extremely reasonable.
Although the small package of silicon material is small, but very particular about, such as the wrong choice of refractory brick manufacturers. It is a waste of materials, a waste of costs. Therefore, the choice of materials, it is recommended or use the above materials as well. In this way, that is economical and practical.


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The impact of sintering temperature and holding time for refractory materials

refractory

Sintering temperature and holding time is an important external sintering refractory material. With the increase of temperature, the vapor pressure of the material increases, the diffusion coefficient increases, and the viscosity of the liquid phase decreases, thus facilitating the process of material transfer such as evaporation-aggregation, diffusion of ions and vacancies, particle rearrangement, viscous and plastic flow. So that sintering speed. Prolonging the sintering time can also promote the completion of sintering. However, in the latter stage of sintering, unreasonably prolonging the sintering time can sometimes aggravate the secondary recrystallization, but can not obtain a sufficiently dense product.
The firing temperature of refractory products should be controlled within the sintering temperature range, at this temperature should maintain the appropriate sintering time to complete the sintering, if continue to increase the temperature deformation of the body.

The impact of the atmosphere:
Atmosphere directly affects the firing effect and product quality. Burning atmosphere can be divided into general oxidizing atmosphere, neutral atmosphere and reducing atmosphere. Different materials for the green body should choose a different atmosphere to ensure the physical and chemical reactions in the body smoothly. At the end of sintering, the atmosphere (the type of gas in the pores) has an influence on the sintering when the pores are closed. Study of Al2O3 sintering found that when the gas solubility in the lattice is small and slow diffusion, the isolated pores is not easy to discharge from the body. For example, Al2O3 is sintered in argon and air. On the contrary, when the diffusion rate of gas in the lattice is fast enough, the atmosphere has no effect on the sintering end. If the atmosphere to control the defect structure has a certain role, you can speed up the proliferation and conducive to sintering.

It must be pointed out that the influence of firing atmosphere depends on the material composition, sintering conditions, the type and amount of additives, and other factors. Therefore, specific analysis should be conducted for different temperatures.

In the actual sintering process, the impact of the above factors are interrelated and mutually restrictive. The factors that play a major role under different conditions may be different.


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Cement rotary kiln refractory materials magnesium aluminum spinel brick

refractory materials

Magnesia-alumina spinel brick is high purity magnesia and pre-synthesized magnesium spinel as the main 6 material, the reasonable grading, high pressure molding, high temperature firing obtained products. Its characteristics are high, high strength, corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal shock resistance, is the ideal transition from cement transition zone refractory materials for sale.
Magnesia-alumina spinel production of ingredients in the amount of magnesium aluminate spinel is not more good female, with the increase in the amount of spinel thermal shock resistance becomes better, but due to mismatch expansion will make g degrees (especially anti-fracture Strength) to Alz05 as the standard, the product A120: should not be large; 15% -20%, preferably 10% -18%, which is consistent with the experimental data of magnesia aluminum brick.
Magnesium aluminum tip stone brick main impurity is so z, should not exceed 1.5%.
Over the past twenty years, people have been seeking to replace magnesia-chrome bricks in addition to six valence-polluting technology, first of all, looking to the periclase spinel brick. The initial report was optimistic but gradually came the different message from the cement plant: "The kiln skin is not found." The eutectic temperature of the original spinel brick 4 cement is close to (slightly lower) the firing temperature of the cement. This is fatal, so spinel brick kiln lining in our cement kiln back to 15 ~ 20m to reach the transition zone, occupy the original high-alumina brick or ordinary magnesia-chrome brick position.
The academic community agreed that re20J affect the product's resistance to atmospheric changes, spinel brick in the transition zone is better than magnesia-chrome brick, one of the explanations is k205 content Below the M-K line, however, the addition of 4% re20J to spinel bricks improves the brittleness of bricks. When the expansion rate of only 113%, flexural strength 12MPa, will be. 05P kiln 38-40m area use 8 months wear 30mm, and commonly used spinel brick wear amount is 80 "120mm, and said that this high-speed rail bricks for burning belt can hang the kiln skin.
Spinel thermal shock resistance, anti-B 'alkali corrosion, acid gas erosion resistance, anti-atmospheric ability to change are better than ordinary magnesia chrome brick, but on the cement rotary kiln transition belt and discharge belt with refractory brick suppliers, Should also have a small thermal conductivity, good wear resistance, anti-shear fracture capacity, which determines the availability of spinel brick.
Wear resistance is poor, in the 2500t kiln can run stably for more than 8 months Feng Mao Wei angle.
China periclase spinel brick ingredients, the use of sintered high purity magnesia, mid-range magnesia and synthetic spinel sand (5i020 6% -20%), thermal shock resistance indicators are generally more than 10 times, the best of 2D Times or more. However, the high temperature flexural strength (1400Y, o.5h), roughly 2-3MPa, most products less than 3MPa, which is spinel brick to be improved technology. There are no national standards for the sharp stone blocks used in cement kilns, and all the manufacturing enterprises use each other for reference to form the spinel brick used in China's cement rotary kiln.
Spinel brick has the advantage of good thermal shock resistance, the use of clinker reaction during the spinel can form a thin layer of calcium aluminate protective layer, so that the liquid is not easy to penetrate, anti-spalling performance ratio Direct combination of magnesium chrome brick good. In the cement rotary kiln cooling zone and transition zone service life than the direct combination of magnesia-chrome brick to double. But slightly less resistant to erosion in the direct combination of magnesia-chrome brick. At the same time, spinel brick easy hydration, thermal conductivity larger kiln cylinder temperature than the use of direct combination of magnesia-chrome brick high.

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Coke oven repair with refractory materials

refractory materials

Coke oven repair with refractory materials
Coke oven refractory masonry minor repair is the preventive maintenance of coke oven masonry and routine repair. The project is small, generally do not stop production conditions, by the workshop repair personnel repair masonry defects. Ovens for minor repairs in coke ovens include: repair of gaps, cracks and holes, compacting of gaps between masonry and equipment, reworking of loose iron pieces embedded in masonry, replacement of adjustment equipment, opening of blocked ramps and burners Brick, replace the stove at the bottom with refractory brick, repair coke oven door refractory lining brick. Primary repair of coke oven masonry wet repair, semi-dry repair and dry repair three types.
Repair parts by the repair items are:
① roof area, including the top surface of the furnace roof sealing and renovation, flue cleaning, ramp opening, burner brick and conditioning brick replacement, stopper brick gunning and riser refractory lining material brick replacement.
③ Taiwan, including stoves, furnace walls and walls of the front wall to resist various types of damage to the repair and spraying, the furnace at the end of the refractory brick suppliers floor and door repair and replacement of furnace linings, furnace shoulder seam repair and so on. )
③ regenerator area includes both sides of the flue corridor and basement. Repair projects have refractory brick gas pipeline and dredging, sealing walls, gas pipe fittings and exchange switch and the furnace at the junction of the seal, a small amount of replacement and replacement of lattice bricks, regenerator wall furnace renovation of the furnace head and so on.
1. Wet repair wet method of making up mainly by gunning and wiping, these methods are used tools and operations are relatively simple, and the use of a wider range, regardless of hot, cold, or carbonization chamber walls, fire fighters Internal, regenerative room, ramp and furnace roof can be used in all parts. The main disadvantage of wet-fill furnaces is that while repairing old defects, they can cause new damage to the masonry.
(1) Spray gun Put the prepared mud into the shotcrete machine, use the pressure of the compressed air to press the mud out of the shotcrete machine and spray it on the damaged wall to repair the damaged parts. Spray a wide range of applications, regardless of the size of the cracks, peeling, Ma face, depression, etc., can be sprayed, can complement the red hot wall, but also make up for the lower temperature of the roof and regenerator area. The advantages are: simple operation, high speed and high efficiency, wide range of applications, can make the formation of scattered slurry sprayed on the masonry, the general requirements of the thickness of each layer of pulp is not more than 7mm, after the first layer of dry Second floor. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: the water content of mud is as high as 40%. When the mud touches the wall, the pressure of water vapor will affect the bonding between the mud and the wall due to the violent evaporation of water. At the same time, the sudden cooling of red-hot wall due to the mud with large water content caused the cracking of silica brick masonry and directly affected the life of the coke oven. Therefore, this method is currently not used, only for use with wiping or wiping more difficult to use.
(2) wiping first with a shovel shovel furnace wall to eliminate defects in the site of deposition of carbon, and compressed air purge, and then to be rubbed spray a layer of 3 ~ 5mm thick mud, and then use a large shovel to wipe the mud Press the wall of the defect site, stay for a few seconds and then slide the trowel along the parallel direction of the wall, each time the wall of the mud should not be too thick, so as not to mud due to gravity and fall off, mud After adhering to the wall, use a spatula to wipe the wall with the wiping layer.
Mud fill with mud water content than the mud is much smaller, so the side effects of masonry is relatively small. Wipe up is not suitable for smaller cracks, but for large cracks, holes, etc. make up quickly. Therefore, wiping is the current wet method of making up the main means. Wiping operation technology is more difficult to grasp, wiping well, hanging time can be long, therefore, need to repair hot in practice constantly sum up experience and find good methods of operation, in order to prolong a repair linked to the time.
2. Wet method of making up the mud
There are two main types of wet-fill muds; one is a siliceous or clay-based mud with water glass as the binder; the other is a clay mud with phosphate or phosphate as the binder. The former was widely used by various coking plants until the 1960s. Each time a subsidy was applied, the time was relatively short, usually two and a half months to one month or so. The latter started in the early 1960s. Due to its long hanging material (about the former 8 to 10 times), it is quickly adopted, instead of water glass mortar.
(1) Silicate Mortar Silicone mortar containing water-based glass absorbs CO2 and precipitates SiO2 gel at room temperature and high temperature. It not only adheres the mud material to the wall to be filled, but also has Higher intensity. In addition, Na2O (or K2O) in water glass can reduce the melting temperature of the clay to make it appear in advance of the liquid phase at high temperatures, and also promote the adhesion of the clay to the furnace wall. The bonding between the water glass gypsum and the wall is a physical combination. As the water in the gypsum is more watery, the water shrinks greatly after it evaporates, and the bond with the wall is not strong, so the hanging time is short.
Water glass preparation of clay fire clay, except for the mechanism of making up the same with the water glass of silicon fire mud, water glass at high temperatures, clay and clay brick can make kaolinite rapid formation of mullite crystals, thereby increasing the mud Strength and stability. However, clay prepared by using water glass must be used promptly. Otherwise, the SiO2 gel precipitated from water glass will lose its bonding ability with Al2O3. In the water glass mortar, by adding a certain amount of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the mud can appear early in the liquid phase at high temperatures, increasing the bond capacity of the mud.
Borax with a particle size of 0.2mm and talcum powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:10 and then mixed with a fine clay clinker powder in a mass ratio of 1: 6, and then prepared with a water glass solution having a density of 1.11 The required consistency. It will be better to use this clay to fill the furnace wall. ?
(2) phosphate cement phosphate (H3PO4) and refractories in aluminum, silicon and other oxides chemical reaction, can generate phosphate cementitious materials. The cementitious material has the advantages of plasticity, low temperature curing, high temperature sintering, high refractoriness, good thermal stability and strong adhesive force. Therefore, it is widely used in the hot repair of industrial furnaces.
In the coke oven repair mortar material, phosphoric acid as a binder clay material, with the most solid combination of silica brick masonry. Because of the action of phosphoric acid and Al2O3 in clay fire clay, a good cementitious material of aluminum phosphate cement is formed, which belongs to a fire-hardening binder that hardens when heated. Al2O3 (about 40%) in clay fire clay does not react with phosphoric acid at room temperature (has a slow action with Al2O3? 2H2O in the clay raw material) and dehydrates at about 200 DEG C to produce aluminum dihydrogen phosphate Al (H2PO4 ) 3 and aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) at 250-280 ° C to form an amorphous substance, which becomes H2 (AlP3O10) at 300-400 ° C and dehydrates to aluminum metaphosphate [Al (PO3) 3] at 500 ° C n, aluminum tetraphosphate [Al (PO3) 3] 4 is formed at 800 ° C, phosphorus pentoxide is partially decomposed and precipitated into cristobalite (AlPO4) at 1000-1200 ° C, while the major part Still tetra-aluminum trimetaphosphate [Al (PO3)
3〕 4, at 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ under the conditions of the reaction is relatively strong, long-term high temperature, AlPO4 will become pure corundum (Al2O3). The aluminum phosphate monobasic and the aluminum metaphosphate produced in the reaction of phosphoric acid and Al2O3 are good gelling materials. They are well integrated with the silica brick wall and gradually sintered to harden, and finally change the square quartz-shaped aluminum phosphate, not only high melting point, but also with a similar wall of silica brick crystal transition. When the temperature changes, it is relatively close to the expansion (or shrinkage) of the silica brick, which reduces the internal stress between the phosphoric acid mud layer and the silica brick wall, so that the repair layer can extend the hanging time.
Since phosphoric acid can work with impurities (MgO, CaO, Fe2O3 and other basic oxides) in clay fire clay at room temperature to form compounds such as magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate and iron phosphate, the clay material has certain properties at room temperature Sticky. However, when the content of magnesium phosphate in the mud exceeds 1.5%, the mud will lose its plasticity at normal temperature, which is not conducive to the construction work of spraying and wiping. Therefore, it is usually required that the clay in the clay should be less than 0.5% MgO, CaO should be less than 1%, Fe2O3 the smaller the better. SiO 2 (about 50%) in clay fire clay and phosphoric acid at above 260 ° C will form SiO 2 [SiO (PO2) 2). Although SiO 2 and SiO 2 also belong to cementitious material , But they do not have the same crystalline conversion properties as silica bricks, so the bonding to silica bricks is far less than that of aluminum phosphate cementitious materials. Therefore, the current wet repair silica brick coke oven masonry using phosphate - clay mud instead of phosphate - siliceous mud.
Preparation of phosphoric acid-clay clay material: clay fire clay is prepared from clay clinker and raw materials. Clinker does not work with phosphoric acid at room temperature, so the low viscosity is not good for the spray and wipe, but its residual shrinkage is small, strength is good; raw material residual shrinkage, but the porosity is low, but also can improve the mud The adhesion, which is conducive to construction operations.
Clay sprinkler, generally 20% of the raw materials and 80% of the clinker with, and is the use of fine-grained mud; wiping mud with the ratio and size of the plant varies, Anshan Chemical The plant is made with 50% gunning material and 50% particle size less than 3mm clinker; while WISCO coking plant is made of 80% clay clinker with particle size less than 3mm and 20% clay raw material. Spray water content is generally 30% to 40%, while wiping material is about 17%.
Phosphoric acid in the amount of clay in the mud is: each 100kg spray material added to the relative density of 1.25 to 1.3 orthophosphoric acid solution (ie orthophosphoric acid and water diluted) 37 ~ 42kg; each 100kg wadding added relative density of 1.3 ~ 1.4 of orthophosphoric acid solution 26kg.
In the preparation of mud, in order to make full use of phosphoric acid and mud, and discharge the gas generated, the mud stir should be trapped after a day to use. But the test shows that the bonding strength of mud and silica brick decreased significantly with the storage time of the mud, so the mud should not be stored for too long after the modulation so as to prevent the mud from losing its chemical activity.
(3) Plastic Plastic Plastic is often used in the form of wiping and ramming for the repair of various industrial furnaces. Because it still needs to be mixed with liquid gelling agent before use, it still belongs to the type of wet wiping. Plastic materials can be divided into clay, aluminum, corundum, silicon, chromium, zirconium, silicon carbide, etc., of which clay and high aluminum used more generally. Plastic construction facilitation, repair part of the overall good, less gap, wear resistance, thermal stability, slag resistance, impact resistance are better. Its low thermal conductivity, but thermal storage ability.


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Molten steel temperature and carbon corrosion of aluminum-magnesium spinel refractories

refractory materials

With the progress of metallurgical technology, the performance of refractories material also put forward higher requirements. Because aluminum-magnesium spinel refractory material has the advantages of high melting point, low thermal expansion coefficient, thermal shock resistance and slag resistance, it is widely used in electric furnace, refined ladle and skateboard and other major parts. In high temperature conditions, the refractory materials for sale reacts not only with slag and reacts with molten steel, but also has an important effect on the refractory process.

Production practice shows that the molten steel temperature and its carbon mass fraction are the main factors that affect the reaction between refractory and molten steel. Therefore, it is very important to study the effect of molten steel temperature and its mass fraction on the erosion of aluminum-magnesium spinel refractory.

In this paper, Mg-Al spinel refractory brick suppliers were prepared by fused magnesia and fused corundum as raw materials. The effects of molten steel temperature and carbon mass fraction on the erosion of refractory materials were studied by thermodynamic calculation and thermal experiment. The chemical analysis of carbon in molten steel before and after the experiment was carried out, and the microstructure of the refractory suppliers was observed by scanning electron microscope.

(1) Thermodynamics analysis shows that Mg (g) and A1 produced by the reaction of magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide components with carbon in the refractory material with the increase of temperature. o (g) of the equilibrium sub-pressure increases.

(2) The experimental study shows that the erosion index of refractory increases with the temperature of molten steel, especially when the temperature is higher than 1630 ℃, the erosion index of refractory is affected by temperature. The corrosion index of refractory material decreases with the increase of carbon in molten steel when the boron (C) 0.12% of molten steel decreases, thus alleviating the erosion degree of refractory material.

(3) The erosion mechanism of molten steel to spinel refractories can be summarized as follows: First, the carbon and refractory components of molten steel react chemically with eroded refractory materials: secondly. The penetration of molten steel into the refractory material and the analysis of the low melting point phase in the refractory particles reduce the binding force between the refractory particles and exacerbate the degree of damage to the refractory material.

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Performance and application of paraffin refractories

refractories

Paraffin brick products contain a certain amount of acidic substances (quartz variants), semi-acidic, high temperature performance and clay products similar. Wax stone refractory brick manufacturers in addition to the fire resistance of high quality clay brick low (fluctuations in 1670 ~ 1710 ℃), the other indicators can meet the national standards of clay brick. In particular, as the use of the temperature of the most valuable reference to the load softening start temperature, wax stone brick for the 1300 ~ 1430 ℃, significantly higher than the clay refractory brick suppliers. Therefore, where the clay refractory brick china, you can use wax stone brick to replace.
The biggest feature of wax stone products is the use of a slight expansion, is conducive to maintaining the integrity of the masonry, can reduce the slag on the erosion of the joints. In addition, the slag and refractory brick surface contact, can be formed in the refractory materials for sale brick surface 1 ~ 2mm thick viscosity of the large enamel (SiO2 content of the higher silicate melt), can prevent the slag to the brick infiltration , Thereby improving the product's anti-slag erosion ability.


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